Just link to the Google Doc
This is the most straight-forward option. Create a hyperlink that takes the student to the Google Doc.
Embed an editable Google Doc into Canvas
Sometimes it is advantageous to present the Google Doc as a “living document” that can receive edits on the fly, directly within a Canvas page. When embedding, it is useful to know how to create a “full size” embedded document in Canvas (rather than a squinched up little window through which to peer at your glorious, yet cramped, document).
Embed a non-editable Google Doc in Canvas
Sometimes it is more desirable to create a document that will be embedded (for example, when sharing a piece of information across multiple classes that you may want to later update in Google), but that is not actually editable. It is simply published. When embedding, it is useful to know how to create a “full size” embedded document in Canvas (rather than a squinched up little window through which to peer at your glorious, yet cramped, document).
Use a Canvas Collaboration
A Canvas Collaboration is a way to create a new Google Doc directly from within Canvas that is shared directly with your students.